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Of Mice and Men
Plot summary
Two migrant field workers in California during the Great Milton Depressioneorge, a clever and cynical, and Lennie Small, Ironically one, named man of large stature and immense strength but limited mental abilitiesome a ranch near Soledad south of Salinas, California, to "work up participation. "They hope to one day achieve their dream to settle on their own plot of land. Part of Lennie's dream, which he never tires of hearing George describe, is simply to tend to (and touch) soft rabbits on the farm. George protects Lennie start saying if Lennie gets into trouble, George did not allow him "tend the rabbits." They are fleeing from their previous job, in the case weed they were driven out of town after Lennie's love of stroking soft things resulted in a charge of attempted rape when He touched the dress of a young woman.
At the ranch, the dream appears to be closer to reality. Candy, the elderly, a ranch a skilled hand, offers yet match with Lennie and George so they can buy the farm at the end of the month. The dream crashes when Lennie accidentally kills the attractive young woman and Curley, the son of a rancher, trying to stroke his hair. A lynching led by Curley gathers. George, realizing that is doomed to a life of loneliness and despair like the rest of migrant workers and did not want Lennie a painful death at the hands of vengeance and violence Curley, Lennie shoots in the back of the head before the mob can find him after George gives him one last story of their dream of owning their own land.
Characters
I was myself for a spell while Bindlestiff. I worked in the same country as the story is set in. The characters are composites to some extent. Lennie was a real person. It is in an insane asylum in California right now. I worked with him for many weeks. He did not kill a girl. He killed a ranch foreman. You hurt because the boss had shot him and his buddy a fork stuck right through his stomach. I do not tell you how many times I've seen it. We could not stop it before it is too late.
ohn Steinbeck, interview by the New York Times, 1937
George Milton: A quick-witted man who is friends with Lennie. He looks after Lennie and dreams a better life.
Lennie Small: A mentally disabled, but the strong man who travels with George. He dreams of "living off the fatta 'the lan' and be able to tend to the rabbits.
Candy: A ranch worker (described as a signaller ") who lost a hand in an accident and is near the end of its of life on the ranch. He wants to join Lennie and George in their "dream" of a farm.
Candy's Dog: A blind dog that is described as "old" and "crippled", and is killed by Carlson. The dog's death foreshadows Lennie Candy fate.
Curley: The boss's son, a young, pugnacious character, once a boxer semi-professional. It is described by others, with some irony, as "at hand". It is very jealous and protective of his wife and develops immediate dislike Lennie.
Curley woman: A young, pretty woman, who mistrusts her husband, Curley. The other characters refer to itself as "Curley's wife," which makes it the only important character in the novel without a name. This lack of definition emphasizes personal goal of this character in the History: Steinbeck said it "is not a person, it is a symbol. It has no function except to be a sheet and a danger for Lennie.
Slim: A skinner "jerkline," the main driver of a team of mules. Slim is greatly respected by many people and is the only character that Curley treats with respect.
Crooks: The only black ranch hand. Like candy, he is paralyzed. His nickname refers to a hunched resulting kicked by a horse. He sleeps segregated from other workers and is embittered against discrimination. It is often seen rubbing liniment into his spine.
Carlson: A "body thickness" of the ranch, he kills the dog Candy with little sympathy.
Pentecost: A ranch-hand.
The Boss Curley's father, the director of the ranch. The ranch is owned by "a society of great land," said Candy.
Aunt Clara Aunt Lennie, only mentioned in references to the past.
Topics
In every bit of honest writing in the world, it is a basic theme. Try understand men, if you understand the other, you'll be good for them. Knowing a man well never leads to hate and nearly always leads to love. There are shorter means, many of them. He is writing promoting social change, writing to punish injustice, writing in the celebration of heroism, but always the basic theme that. Try to understand each other.
John Steinbeck in his diary entry 1938
Steinbeck stresses dreams throughout the book. George aspires for independence, to be his own boss, have a property family, and especially to be "somebody". Lennie wants to be with George on his independent homestead, and to quench its attachment to soft objects. Candy wants to reassert its responsibility lost with the death of his dog, and security for his old property Family of George. Crooks aspires to a small farm where he can express self-respect, acceptance and security. Curley's wife dreams to be an actress, to satisfy his desire for fame lost when she married Curley.
Loneliness is an important factor in the lives of several characters. Candy is lonely after his dog disappeared. Curley's wife is lonely because her husband is not the friend she hoped – she deals with her loneliness by flirting with men on the ranch, which causes Curley increase its unfairness and jealousy. The company of George and Lennie is the result of loneliness. Crooks frankly States the theme of "A guy goes nuts if he is not got nobody. Do not make no difference who the guy is, long he is with you. "The author reinforces this theme through subtle methods by locating the story near the town of Soledad, which means "solitude" in Spanish.
Despite the need for companionship, Steinbeck focuses on the nature of loneliness is argued that the obstacles put in place to act inhumane to each other. The loneliness Curley's wife is held by Curley's jealousy, which causes all the ranch hands to avoid. Crooks barrier results to be excluded by retaining the dormitory at the stable, his bitterness is partially broken, however, ignorance of Lennie.
Steinbeck's characters are often powerless, because of intellectual, economic, and social. Lennie has the greater physical strength of character, which must establish a sense of respect as it is used as "Ranch Hand". However, his remains the intellectual disability and the results of its impotence. Economic weakness is established that many hands Ranch are victims of society during the Great Depression. Like George, Lennie, Candy and Crooks want to buy a farm, but they are unable to generate enough money.
Destiny is felt more strongly than the aspirations of the characters are destroyed that George is unable to protect Lennie. Steinbeck presents this as "something happened" or that his friend has invented for him "non-teleological thinking" or "think", which postulates a non-judgmental point of view.
Development
Of Mice and Men was Steinbeck's first attempt at writing as a novel play called "play-drama" by a critic. Structured in three acts of two chapters each, it is intended to be both a novella and a script room. He wanted to write a novel that could be played from its lines, or a room that could be read like a novel.
Steinbeck originally Something is entitled What happened, however, he changed the title after reading the poem by Robert Burns, a mouse. poem by Robert Burns tells the narrator feels regret for having destroyed the house of a mouse while plowing his field, he suggested that no plan is foolproof can be fully prepared for the future. [Citation needed]
Steinbeck wrote this book, and the grapes of wrath, in what is now Monte Sereno, California. A first draft of the novel has been eaten by the dog Steinbeck.
Reception
Achieving most positive response from any of his works at this time, Steinbeck's novel was chosen as Book of the Month Club selection before publication. Praise for the work came from many notable critics, including Maxine Garrard (Enquirer-Sun), Christopher Morley, and Harry Thornton Moore (New Republic). New York Times critic Ralph Thompson has described the novel as a "great little book, for all its ultimate melodrama."
The novel was banned from American public various libraries and schools or programs for allegedly "promoting" euthanasia, being "anti-business, containing profanity, racial slurs, and generally containing "vulgar" and "insulting." Most of the prohibitions and restrictions have been lifted and remains required reading in many other American schools in Australia, Britain, New Zealand and Canadian high level. After being a frequent target of censors, Of Mice and Men is on the list of the American Library Association's most challenged books of the 21st Century (No. 4).
Adaptations
Cinema
Of Mice and Men has been adapted for film several times, first in 1939, two years Only after the publication of the novel. This adaptation of Of Mice and Men stars Lon Chaney Jr. as Lennie, Burgess Meredith as George, and was directed by Lewis Milestone. He was nominated for four Oscars. In 1981 she was made into a TV movie. This version stars Randy Quaid as Lennie, Robert Blake as George, Ted Neeley as Curley, and was directed by Reza Badii.
The film version most recent of Of Mice and Men (1992) was conducted Gary Sinise (who also played the role of George), who was nominated for the Palme d'Or at Cannes. The role of the face of George, Lennie, has been played by John Malkovich. For this adaptation, the two men resumed their roles in a 1980 Steppenwolf Theatre Company production.
Theater
set stage have also been produced. The first production was produced by Sam H. Harris and directed by George S. Kaufman and opened November 23, 1937, at the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. Running for 207 performances, it starred Wallace Ford and Broderick Crawford George Lennie. The role of Crooks has been achieved by Leigh Whipper, the first African American member of the Actors' Equity Association. Whipper repeated his role in the 1939 version of the film. It was chosen as the best play in 1938 by the New York Drama Circle Critics'. In 1939, production was moved to Los Angeles, always with Wallace Ford in the role of George, but with Lon Chaney Jr., taking the role of Lennie. Chaney's performance in the role led to her casting in the film.
Exhibit was relaunched in 1974 a production of Broadway Theatre Brooks Atkinson starring Kevin Conway as George and James Earl Jones, Lennie. Noted stage actress Pamela Blair Curley's wife played in this production.
In 1970 Carlisle Floyd wrote an opera based on this novel. A departure between Steinbeck's book and opera Floyd is that the opera features the balladeer, a character does not appear in the book.
Other references
Article: Of Mice and Men in popular culture
Many studies have described aspects of the book or parodied, perhaps especially Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoons, which often had a character ask another, Lennie, "how did he go, George, how did he go?" Or the abominable snowman, referring to Bugs Bunny, saying: "I will name him George, and I'll kiss and caress and squeeze him. The line "Tell me about the rabbits" has also been frequently parodied.
See also
East of Eden
Steinbeck
Of mice and men popular culture
The Grapes of Wrath
In mouse
References
Notes
^ Mice, men, and Mr. Steinbeck, The New York Times, 05/12/1937, p. 7
Abc ^ Parini, Jay (9/27/1992), the film, the Bindlestiff, Bad Times, Mice and Men, The New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res = 9E0CE6DD1F3AF934A1575AC0A964958260 & sec = & spon = & pagewanted = all, extracted 17/06/2008
^ Tracy Barr AB, Greg Tubach, ED (2001). Cliff Notes: The Steinbeck Of Mice and Men. 909 Third Avenue, New York City, New York: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 0-7645-8676-9.
^ Of Mice and Men, p. 71
^ Kirk, Susan Van (2001). Tracy Barr, Greg Tubach. ed. Cliff Notes: The Steinbeck Of Mice and Men. 909 Third Avenue, New York City, New York: Wiley Publishing. ISBN 0-7645-8676-9.
Dr. Susan Shillinglaw ^ Ab (18/01/2004). "John Steinbeck, American writer. Centre Martha Heasley Cox to Steinbeck Studies. http://www.steinbeck.sjsu.edu/biography/briefbiography.jsp. Retrieved 28/12/2006.
Robert McCrum ^ (18/01/2004). "The first projects. Guardian Unlimited. http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0, 6109,1125534,00. html. Retrieved 27/12/2006.
Steinbeck ^ John "- Critics of the time"
^ "John Steinbeck and his novels – an appreciation by Harry Thornton Moore"
^ McElrath, Joseph R., Jesse S. Crisler, Susan Shillinglaw (1996). John Steinbeck: The critics of the time. Cambridge University Press. pp. 7194. Web http://books.google.com/books?id=uFSfYMpUyokC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq men = "Mouse + and +" + "+ Christopher Morley" & source = & ots = BB4Zc4 J23-& sig = # BKm63HIQyb3DF9OTIXqET578ckw PPA86, M1. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ CliffNotes: Of Mice and Men: About the author. Wiley Publishing, Inc.. 2000-2007. pp. 7194. http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/Of-Mice-and-Men.id-101, pageNum-2.html. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "Banned and / or challenged books of the Radcliffe Publishing Course Top 100 novels of the 20th Century". American Library Association. 2007. http://www.ala.org/Template.cfm?Section=bbwlinks&Template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=136590. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ American Library Association list of books most challenged in the 21st century. "American Library Association. 2007. Http://www.ala.org/ala/newspresscenter/news/pressreleases2006/september2006/harrypottermostchallenge.cfm. Retrieved 25/08/2009.
Abc ^ "Of Mice and Men (1939). Internet Movie Database Inc.. 1990-2007. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0031742/. Retrieved from 10.08.2007.
^ "Of Mice and Men (1981). Internet Movie Database Inc.. 1990-2007. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082838/. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "Of Mice and Men (1992). Internet Movie Database Inc.. 1990-2007. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105046/. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "Of Mice and Men (1992). Rotten Tomatoes / IGN Entertainment, Inc.. 1998-2007. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1040322-of_mice_and_men/. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ ab "Internet Broadway Database: Of Mice and Men". The League of American Theatres and Producers. 2001-2007. http://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=12320. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "Broadway Database Internet: Leigh Whipper. 2001-2007. Http: / / www.ibdb.com/person.asp?id=7209. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "National Steinbeck Center: About John Steinbeck: The Facts, Awards, and Honors." National Steinbeck Center. Http: / / www.steinbeck.org/. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "Broadway Database Internet: Of Mice and Men (1974). The League of American Theatres and producers. 2001-2007. http://www.ibdb.com/production.asp?ID=3709. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
^ "NY Times Review of 1983 City Opera production". www.nytimes.com October 14, 1983. http://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/14/arts/opera-mice-and-men.html?&pagewanted=all. Retrieved 2009-07 -17.
^ Interview with the artist "Joe" on Pixar.com. Accessed on June 17 November 2008.
Bibliography
"Of Mice and Men Fact Sheet". Resources English. 2002. http://www.newi.ac.uk/englishresources/workunits/ks4/fiction/ofmicemen/llshort/factsheet.html. Retrieved 08/10/2007.
References
Photos the first edition of Of Mice and Men
Summary of the book Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men study guide
v, d, e
Works by John Steinbeck
Novels
Cup of Gold The Red Pony For an unknown god Tortilla Flat In Dubious Battle Of Mice and Men The Grapes of Wrath, The Moon Is Down Cannery Row The Pearl The Wayward Bus Burning Bright East of Eden Sweet Thursday The short reign of Pippin IV The Winter of our discontent Acts of King Arthur and his knights Noble
Non-fiction
The newspaper of the Sea of Cortez Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team Formerly a Russian newspaper, there wa a War Travels with Charley Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters America and Americans
Story collections
Pastures The long valley of heaven
Categories: 1937 novels | California in fiction | Great Depression fiction | Novels by John Steinbeck Novels | Novellas | adapted filmsHidden into categories: Wikipedia pages semi-protected | All articles lacking sources | stubs from September 2007 About the Author
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